If you do pause for a long time, or even bid or play unusually quickly, then your partner is not allowed to be influenced by the fact. Your unusual tempo is, in bridge parlance, Unauthorised or Extraneous Information for your partner. Your opponents may draw inferences but at their own peril. If those inferences prove unfounded, they've no comeback (although, if you deliberately delay to confuse the opposition, that is illegal).
There's usually not much to be inferred if you bid something after a long delay - you could simply have been considering alternatives. If you pass, though, there's a clear inference that you were considering bidding something and that you may therefore have undisclosed values.
Contrary to popular belief, this doesn't bar partner from bidding but if he does bid, not only must he not be influenced by your delay, he must be seen not to be influenced. He is guilty unless he can prove his innocence.
What the laws actually say is that a player "may not choose from among logical alternative actions one that could demonstrably have been suggested over another by the extraneous information". Ultimately, only the director can decide whether your actions could have been suggested by partner's delay.
The only advice I can offer if your partner is guilty of obvious hesitation is to abandon any notion you may have had of making a "frisky" bid, even if you made up your mind before the delay. The director is not allowed to believe that you had already made up your mind and must rule for the opponents if your bid is not completely justified. However, if your bid is absolutely justified and only a mouse would pass, then make your bid with a clear conscience. If the opponents choose to call the director then that's their prerogative but no director worth his salt should penalise you for making an "obvious" bid.
See also Reserving your rights
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